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Portfolio Projects · ML · Sklearn · XGBoost · Real Datasets

Build ML Projects That Get You Hired

10 real-world ML projects with curated datasets, step-by-step implementation plans, and portfolio tips. Each one is designed around the skills hiring managers actually look for — from your first regression to production-grade XGBoost pipelines.

10
Project ideas
3
Difficulty levels
6
Model types
Free
All datasets
Showing 10 projects
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Customer Churn Prediction
Predict which telecom customers will cancel their subscription using behavioural and account data. A classic binary classification problem that appears in nearly every ML interview.
Classification Beginner
Customer Churn Prediction
Logistic Regression · Random Forest · Feature Engineering
Classification Beginner
📦
Telco Customer Churn — Kaggle
7,043 rows · 21 features · Binary target · Free download
pandasscikit-learnLogistic RegressionRandom ForestEDAFeature EngineeringROC-AUCConfusion Matrix
Class imbalance handling with SMOTE or class_weight
Feature importance chart from Random Forest
ROC curve comparison: Logistic vs RF vs XGBoost
  • 1
    EDA — visualise churn rate, plot distributions, identify missing values and outliers
  • 2
    Feature Engineering — encode categoricals, create tenure buckets, scale numerics
  • 3
    Baseline Model — fit Logistic Regression, evaluate with accuracy, precision, recall, F1
  • 4
    Handle Imbalance — apply SMOTE oversampling or class_weight='balanced', compare results
  • 5
    Improve with RF — train Random Forest, tune n_estimators and max_depth via GridSearchCV
  • 6
    Summarise — plot ROC curve, feature importances, write up business impact of each churning segment
churn-prediction/
├── data/           # raw + processed CSVs
├── notebooks/
│   ├── 01_eda.ipynb
│   ├── 02_features.ipynb
│   └── 03_models.ipynb
├── src/
│   ├── features.py
│   └── model.py
├── reports/        # charts, ROC curves
└── README.md
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House Price Prediction
Predict residential property prices from 80+ features including size, neighbourhood, quality, and age. The definitive regression benchmark — a must-have in any ML portfolio.
Regression XGBoost Beginner
House Price Prediction
Linear Regression · Ridge/Lasso · XGBoost · Feature Engineering
Regression XGBoost Beginner
📦
Ames Housing Dataset — Kaggle
2,930 rows · 80 features · Continuous target (SalePrice) · Free download
pandasscikit-learnXGBoostRidge/LassoLog TransformMissing Value ImputationRMSE / R²Cross-validation
Log-transform target to fix skewness — explain why this helps RMSE
Lasso feature selection: show which features it eliminates and why
XGBoost vs Ridge comparison with 5-fold CV leaderboard
  • 1
    EDA — plot SalePrice distribution, identify skewness, correlation heatmap
  • 2
    Missing Values — impute numerics with median, categoricals with mode or "None"
  • 3
    Feature Engineering — create TotalSF, HouseAge, RemodelAge; one-hot encode categoricals
  • 4
    Baseline — Linear Regression, evaluate RMSE on log(SalePrice)
  • 5
    Regularisation — Ridge and Lasso with alpha tuning; compare feature selection
  • 6
    XGBoost — tune n_estimators, learning_rate, max_depth; plot feature importances
house-prices/
├── data/           # train.csv, test.csv
├── notebooks/
│   ├── 01_eda.ipynb
│   ├── 02_preprocessing.ipynb
│   └── 03_modelling.ipynb
├── src/
│   ├── preprocess.py
│   └── train.py
└── README.md
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Credit Card Fraud Detection
Identify fraudulent transactions from 284,000+ real credit card records. Tackle severe class imbalance (0.17% fraud rate) using SMOTE, cost-sensitive learning, and ensemble methods.
Classification Random Forest Intermediate
Credit Card Fraud Detection
Random Forest · XGBoost · SMOTE · Precision-Recall Tradeoff
Classification Random Forest Intermediate
📦
Credit Card Fraud Detection — Kaggle (ULB)
284,807 transactions · PCA-transformed features · 0.17% fraud rate · Free download
imbalanced-learnSMOTERandom ForestXGBoostPrecision-Recall CurveThreshold TuningBusiness Cost Analysis
Why accuracy is the wrong metric — pivot to F1/AUC-PR
Threshold optimisation: show the precision-recall tradeoff curve
Business framing: cost of false positives vs missed fraud
  • 1
    EDA — visualise class imbalance, transaction amount/time distributions
  • 2
    Baseline — fit Logistic Regression, show why accuracy is misleading (99.8% by predicting all legit)
  • 3
    Handle Imbalance — compare SMOTE oversampling vs undersampling vs class_weight
  • 4
    Ensemble Models — train Random Forest and XGBoost; compare AUC-PR
  • 5
    Threshold Tuning — plot precision-recall curve, choose threshold based on business cost
  • 6
    Explainability — SHAP values to show which PCA components drive fraud predictions
👥
Employee Attrition Predictor
Use IBM's HR dataset to predict which employees are likely to quit — and explain why with SHAP. A standout project that combines predictive ML with explainability, a hot topic in industry.
Classification XGBoost Intermediate
Employee Attrition Predictor
XGBoost · SHAP Explainability · HR Analytics
Classification XGBoost Intermediate
📦
IBM HR Analytics Employee Attrition — Kaggle
1,470 employees · 35 features · Binary target · Synthetic IBM data
XGBoostSHAPFeature ImportanceGridSearchCVLabelEncoderCross-validationBusiness Storytelling
SHAP beeswarm plot — the most impressive ML chart in any portfolio
Per-employee explanations: "why does John have 72% attrition risk?"
Actionable HR recommendations from model insights
  • 1
    EDA — attrition rate by department, job role, overtime, salary band
  • 2
    Preprocessing — encode ordinal and nominal features, drop constant columns (EmployeeCount, Over18)
  • 3
    Train XGBoost — with scale_pos_weight to handle imbalance, 5-fold stratified CV
  • 4
    Tune Hyperparameters — GridSearchCV on max_depth, n_estimators, learning_rate, subsample
  • 5
    SHAP Analysis — generate summary plot, bar plot, and waterfall for individual predictions
  • 6
    Report — write 5 data-driven HR recommendations with SHAP evidence
📈
Retail Sales Forecasting
Forecast weekly store sales for 45 Walmart locations using historical sales, holiday flags, fuel prices, and economic indicators. Real time-series forecasting with XGBoost feature engineering.
Regression XGBoost Time Series Intermediate
Retail Sales Forecasting
XGBoost · LightGBM · Lag Features · Time-Series CV
Regression XGBoost Time Series Intermediate
📦
Walmart Store Sales Forecasting — Kaggle
45 stores · 2.5 years of weekly data · Holiday & economic features · Free download
Lag FeaturesRolling StatisticsXGBoostLightGBMTimeSeriesSplitWMAE metricHoliday Engineering
Time-series cross-validation (no data leakage) — a common interview question
Lag and rolling window feature engineering explained in a notebook
Holiday effect visualisation: Thanksgiving spike, markdown impact
  • 1
    EDA — plot weekly sales trends, seasonality, holiday effects, store variance
  • 2
    Lag Features — create lag_1w, lag_4w, lag_52w (same week last year)
  • 3
    Rolling Features — 4-week and 12-week rolling mean and std, trend indicators
  • 4
    Date Features — week_of_year, month, is_holiday, days_to_holiday
  • 5
    Model — XGBoost with TimeSeriesSplit CV, tune with Optuna or manual grid
  • 6
    Compare — benchmark XGBoost vs LightGBM vs simple moving average baseline
📧
Spam Email Classifier
Build a text classifier that distinguishes spam from legitimate email using TF-IDF and Naive Bayes. The go-to NLP entry point for ML learners — fast to train, easy to interpret, and a classic interview topic.
Classification NLP Beginner
Spam Email Classifier
Naive Bayes · SVM · TF-IDF · Text Preprocessing
Classification NLP Beginner
📦
SMS Spam Collection — UCI ML Repository
5,572 messages · Binary label (ham/spam) · Clean text · Free download
NLTK / spaCyTF-IDFNaive BayesSVMText PreprocessingPipelineWordCloud
WordCloud of most frequent spam vs ham terms
sklearn Pipeline combining TF-IDF + classifier — production-ready pattern
Why Naive Bayes works so well for text despite independence assumption
  • 1
    Preprocessing — lowercase, remove punctuation, stopwords, stemming/lemmatisation
  • 2
    Vectorise — CountVectorizer vs TF-IDF; explain the difference with examples
  • 3
    Train — MultinomialNB as baseline; compare with LinearSVC and Logistic Regression
  • 4
    Evaluate — focus on recall for spam (you don't want spam in inbox) vs precision tradeoff
  • 5
    Pipeline — wrap TF-IDF + classifier in sklearn Pipeline; show how to predict new messages
🚢
Titanic Survival — Ensemble Deep Dive
Go beyond the basic Titanic submission. Combine Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, and Logistic Regression into a stacked ensemble. Ideal for showing advanced feature engineering and model stacking skills.
Classification Ensemble Beginner
Titanic Survival — Ensemble Deep Dive
Random Forest · Gradient Boosting · Stacking · Advanced Feature Engineering
Classification Ensemble Beginner
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Titanic — Machine Learning from Disaster (Kaggle)
891 training rows · 11 raw features · Binary survival target · Iconic benchmark
Random ForestGradientBoostingStackingClassifierTitle ExtractionFamily SizeCabinDeckCross-val Score
Creative feature engineering: extract Title from Name, Deck from Cabin
Stacking with StackingClassifier — show each base model's CV score vs the meta-model
Learning curves to diagnose over/underfitting per model
  • 1
    Feature Engineering — extract Title, FamilySize, IsAlone, CabinDeck, FarePerPerson
  • 2
    Imputation — median Age by Title group, "Missing" cabin category
  • 3
    Base Models — Logistic Regression, Random Forest, GradientBoostingClassifier
  • 4
    Stacking — use sklearn's StackingClassifier with LR meta-learner; evaluate with stratified CV
  • 5
    Ablation Study — measure accuracy impact of each engineered feature added/removed
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Loan Default Risk Scorer
Score credit applicants by default probability using XGBoost with careful feature selection and business-aware threshold optimisation. Mirrors a real FinTech ML system — high hiring signal.
Classification XGBoost Intermediate
Loan Default Risk Scorer
XGBoost · Feature Selection · AUC-ROC · Threshold Optimisation
Classification XGBoost Intermediate
📦
Give Me Some Credit — Kaggle
150,000 rows · 10 financial features · Binary default target · Free download
XGBoostFeature SelectionMutual InformationAUC-ROCThreshold TuningCalibrationSHAP
Probability calibration — why raw XGBoost scores aren't true probabilities
Business-aware threshold: optimise for expected monetary loss, not F1
SHAP force plot: explain a single applicant's risk score
  • 1
    EDA — distribution of delinquencies, debt ratio, income; identify outliers and heavy tails
  • 2
    Imputation — median for monthly income, 0 for NumberOfDependents missing
  • 3
    Feature Selection — mutual information, XGBoost built-in importance, drop multicollinear features
  • 4
    Train XGBoost — stratified k-fold, early stopping, scale_pos_weight for imbalance
  • 5
    Calibration — apply Platt scaling (CalibratedClassifierCV) and compare reliability diagrams
  • 6
    Business Threshold — sweep thresholds, compute expected loss = P(default) × loan_amount for each
💰
Data Science Salary Predictor
Predict salaries across AI/ML/Data roles globally using job title, experience, company size, and remote work ratio. A highly relatable project that resonates with every interviewer in tech.
Regression XGBoost Beginner
Data Science Salary Predictor
XGBoost · Gradient Boosting · OrdinalEncoder · Cross-validation
Regression XGBoost Beginner
📦
Data Science Salaries 2024 — Kaggle
16,000+ rows · Job title, experience, company, remote ratio · Free download
XGBoostOrdinalEncoderTargetEncoderCross-validationRMSE / MAEFeature ImportancePlotly
Interactive Plotly chart: salary by role and experience — eye-catching in a portfolio
Target encoding for job_title (hundreds of categories) — explain vs one-hot
Add a live "predict my salary" widget in the README
  • 1
    EDA — salary distributions by role, seniority, country; outlier inspection
  • 2
    Encoding — ordinal for experience_level, target encoding for job_title and company_location
  • 3
    Baseline — Linear Regression with one-hot encoding; set RMSE benchmark
  • 4
    XGBoost — train with 5-fold CV, tune learning_rate and max_depth, evaluate MAE
  • 5
    Visualise — Plotly bar chart of median salary by title; feature importance chart
  • 6
    Predict Tool — simple input() loop or Streamlit widget to predict salary from user inputs
Household Energy Consumption Forecaster
Forecast electricity demand from 2 million+ hourly readings using advanced feature engineering, LightGBM, and a stacked ensemble. An advanced project that demonstrates production-level thinking.
Regression Ensemble Time Series Advanced
Household Energy Consumption Forecaster
LightGBM · XGBoost · Stacked Ensemble · Advanced Feature Engineering
Regression Ensemble Time Series Advanced
📦
Individual Household Electric Power Consumption — UCI ML Repository
2M+ minute-level readings · 7 features · 4 years · Free download
LightGBMXGBoostStackingFourier FeaturesLarge Dataset HandlingTimeSeriesSplitMAE / MAPE
Handling 2M+ rows efficiently with chunked reading and dtype optimisation
Fourier terms to capture daily/weekly/yearly seasonality without SARIMA
Stacked ensemble: show that blending LightGBM + XGBoost beats each alone
  • 1
    Load Efficiently — parse with chunked read_csv, downcast dtypes, resample to hourly
  • 2
    EDA — daily/weekly/seasonal decomposition, missing value patterns, outlier removal
  • 3
    Feature Engineering — hour, dayofweek, month, is_weekend, lag_1h, lag_24h, lag_168h, rolling stats
  • 4
    Fourier Features — sin/cos transforms of hour and day_of_year to encode cyclical patterns
  • 5
    Models — LightGBM and XGBoost with TimeSeriesSplit; compare MAPE per hour-of-day
  • 6
    Stack — average predictions of best LightGBM + XGBoost; show ensemble outperforms both
energy-forecasting/
├── data/           # raw UCI data + hourly resampled
├── notebooks/
│   ├── 01_eda.ipynb
│   ├── 02_features.ipynb
│   ├── 03_lgbm.ipynb
│   └── 04_ensemble.ipynb
├── src/
│   ├── features.py   # all feature engineering
│   ├── train.py      # train & evaluate pipeline
│   └── ensemble.py   # stacking logic
└── README.md
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